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The General Conference of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ of 1841 created a Missionary Society for missionary work at home and abroad. This organization's purpose was to promote and encourage missions, but had no administrative or operational authority to conduct mission work.

The General Conference of 1853 reorganized the Missionary Society and revised its constitution and its name was changed to the Home, Frontier, and Foreign Missionary Society.

Two missions were created in Southern Missouri and Canada and arrangements made to send missionaries to Africa. In 1855, William J. Shuey, Daniel C. Kumler, Daniel K. Flickinger sailed for Africa and set up missionary work at Freetown, Sierra Leone. Missionary work was established in China in 1889, Japan 1895, Puerto Rico 1899, and the Philippines in 1901. The General Conference of 1905 ordered the division of the Home, Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society into two separate organizations the Foreign Missionary Society and the Home Missionary Society. When the Church of the United Brethren in Christ merged with the Evangelical Church in 1946, the missionary societies of both churches were formed into a Board of Missions.

The General Conference of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ in 1841 created a Missionary Society for missionary work at home and abroad. This organization did not flourish because it was not denominational. That meant it was not part of the program of the whole church, but rather a centralizing organization that coordinated the work of the local church and Annual Conference missionary societies.

The General Conference of 1853 reorganized the Missionary Society and revised its constitution . Its name was changed to the Home, Frontier, and Foreign Missionary Society, and the original society was referred to as the Parent Missionary Society.

Two missions were created in Southern Missouri and Canada and arrangements made to send missionaries to Africa. Home mission work was left to the management of the annual conferences. The General Conference of 1905 ordered the division of the Home, Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society into two separate organizations the Home Missionary Society and the Foreign Missionary Society. In 1869, a Church Erection Society was created. The 1925 General Conference merged the Home Missionary Society and the Church Erection Society into a single agency called the Home Mission and Church Erection Society. When the Church of the United Brethren in Christ merged with the Evangelical Church in 1946 the missionary societies of both churches were formed into a Board of Missions.

In the early years of the United Brethren Church, publishing was done by private printers. In 1834, printing equipment was purchased and a printing establishment opened in Circleville, Ohio

The publishing house was incorporated by an act of the General Assembly as the Printing Establishment of the United Brethren in Christ. In 1853, the Printing Establishment was relocated to Dayton, Ohio.

In 1935, The Otterbein Press became the successor to the Printing Establishment corporation as the official publishing agency of the church. The Printing Establishment corporation was continued as the holding company for the twenty-one-story office building erected at Fourth and Main in Dayton in 1925.

When the Church of the United Brethren in Christ merged with the Evangelical Church in 1946, The Otterbein Press of the Church of the United Brethren and the Board of Publication of the Evangelical Church became part of the Board of Publication of the Evangelical United Brethren Church.

The Woman's Missionary Association of the United Brethren in Christ began with the establishment by Lizzie Hoffman of the Miami Annual Conference Woman's Missionary Association on May 9, 1872. Other conferences created their own branches, using the Miami branch as a model. On October 21, 1875, a national Woman's Missionary Association (WMA) was formed by representatives of nine conference branches, entirely independent of the General Board of Missions, but in cooperation with it. The WMA was recognized by the 1877 General Conference.

In 1876, Emily Beeken, the first missionary of the Woman's Missionary Association, was sent to Africa with orders to open a school in Rotifunk, Sierra Leone.

The Woman's Missionary Association was incorporated and the first Board of Trustees was elected in 1881. In 1882, the associations established a Chinese mission school in Portland, Oregon. The association also began publishing The Woman's Evangel that year.

At the Board of Trustees Meeting on July 24th 1917, the name of the Woman's Missionary Association was changed to the Women's Missionary Association. When the Church of the United Brethren in Christ merged with the Evangelical Church in 1946, the Women's Missionary Association merged with the Woman's Missionary Society of the Evangelical Church to form the Women's Society of World Service.